Dealing With Challenging Behaviour Essay

Within a home for adults with learning disabilities, you would use many different policies and procedures to tackle challenging behaviour. The mental capacity act would be used here. ‘The Mental Capacity Act (MCA) is designed to protect and empower individuals who may lack the mental capacity to make their own decisions about their care and treatment’ (NHS Choices. (2015). This legislation applies to anyone over the age of 16. It ensures that anyone who has a serve disability, dementia or any other mental issues. Although an individual may have these mental conditions, they may still be able to make decisions of their own. They would have someone who would give them all of the information and a carer or parent would then help the individual to make the best decision for the benefit of their health. An individual may not be able to make decisions on their finances but they could still have the capacity to make decisions on shopping. The mental capacity act believes that everyone has the right to make their own decisions. This act aims to try and ensure that this does happen. This would be used to help deal with challenging behaviour because it would make the individual feel that they are able to make their own decisions about their care. This would also stop challenging behaviour because they may feel that if they can have some say in their care and treatment then they don’t need  to act out or become behaviourally challenging. It would also be used because it can give the service user more of a choice over their care and this could then help them feel more in control rather than sitting on the side-lines. The mental health act would also be used here. ‘The Mental Health Act 1983 (which was substantially amended in 2007) is the law in England and Wales that allows people with a ‘mental disorder’ to be admitted to hospital, detained and treated without their consent – either for their own health and safety, or for the protection of other people.’ (Mental Health care. (2015). The mental health act allows carers or parents to get the help that the service user may need. You can be detained in two different ways. One way is that a private place or a guardian decides that the individual’s mental health conditions is becoming a harm to the public. The second way is that the police could see the individual in the street and could has a cause for concern on how stable an individual’s mental health is. They would then take you to the nearest hospital or they may take them to a police station. Once an individual has been admitted then the individual will undergo a mental health assessment to see if they are a danger or harm to themselves. In a home for adults with learning disabilities, if an individual at the home is displaying violence and really challenging behaviour then the carers can make the decision if the individual is a danger to themselves or another individual. P3Suggest strategies to minimise effects of challenging behaviour in health and social care settings M2Discuss strategies used to minimise effects of one type of challenging behaviour in health and social care settings Types of strategies Person centred planning: ‘Person centred planning (PCP) provides a way of helping a person plan all aspects of their life, thus ensuring that the individual remains central to the creation of any plan which will affect them.’ (Foundation for people with learning disabilities. (2015). Person centred planning is about putting  the service user at the heart of everything. Effective communication ‘Effective communication helps us better understand a person or situation and enables us to resolve differences, build trust and respect, and create environments where creative ideas, problem solving, affection, and caring can flourish.’ (HelpGuide. (2015). Effective communication is about individual’s verbal skills. This can include choice of words, tone of voice, volume, pace, turn taking and how fast that you talk. This can all effect how effectively you communicate with others. As well as someone’s verbal skills, a service user preferred way of communicating should be taken into account. This could be whether they prefer to talk using sign language or they may like to communicate using pictures. This should all be taken into consideration. Body language ‘Body language refers to the nonverbal signals that we use to communicate.’ (About Psychology. (2015). Body language is used everyday. It can be used to show how an individual is feeling and you can also use it to show how you are feeling. Body language s a significant part of modern communication. Body language is not about how we move to show how we are feeling. It is also about how we position our bodies to show how we are feeling. It is also about how we change our facial expressions and how are eyes move and focus. As well as this it is about our closeness and how this changes and how the gap between us and other people gets smaller or bigger. Promoting self esteem Self esteem is the opinion that an individual has of themselves. ‘When we have healthy self-esteem, we tend to feel positive about ourselves and about life in general.’ (NHS Choices. (2015). Raising low self esteem.). By having a positive self esteem, an individual would be able to deal with the ups and downs in life better. Low self esteem is the opposite to this. People with low self esteem generally have a negative outlook on life. Low self esteem is usually caused from something that happened at a young age. This could be from a parent, teacher, friend or carer. Low self esteem can change how  someone behaviour or acts toward to others. It can also cause them to be a danger to themselves or others. Understanding rules and boundaries: To understand rules and boundaries there are many things that service workers can do. They can use ABC charts which can be used to monitor their behaviour. ABC charts can also be used to see if a service users behaviour is becoming more and more challenging which means the service workers can see if an intervention is needed. You can also use risk assessments. This can also help to monitor behaviour as they could be completed regularly. As well as this service workers would need to make sure that they are up to date with all of their training. This can help them to be able to deal with challenging behaviour because it means that they would know new ways to try to calm a service user or make sure that no harm comes to them or other service users. Other strategies: Other strategies which are in place to help deal with challenging behaviour are making sure there is a pleasant environment. This could help the service user to keep calm and not act out. This could also be used as a calming method when their behaviour is starting to become more challenging. Another strategy is arranging different varieties of activities. This could stop their behaviour becoming challenging because it means that the service workers could say that if they behaved correctly then they would be able to do the activity where as if their behaviour started to become challenging then they would be able to say that they wouldn’t be able to do the activity. References: About Psychology. (2015). Understanding body language. Available: http://psychology.about.com/od/nonverbalcommunication/ss/understanding-body-language.htm. Last accessed 6th March 2015. Foundation for people with learning disabilities. (2015). Person Centred Planning. Available: http://www.learningdisabilities.org.uk/help-information/learning-disability-a-z/p/person-centred-planning/. Last accessed 5th March 2015. HelpGuide. (2015). Effective Communication. Available: http://www.helpguide.org/articles/relationships/effective-communication.htm. Last accessed 6th March 2015. Mental Health care. (2015). Mental health act. Available: http://www.mentalhealthcare.org.uk/mental_health_act. Last accessed 5th March 2015. NHS Choices. (2015). Raising low self esteem. Available: http://www.nhs.uk/livewell/mentalhealth/pages/dealingwithlowself-esteem.aspx. Last accessed 7th March 2015. NHS Choices. (2015). What is the mental capacity act?. Available: http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/social-care-and-support-guide/Pages/mental-capacity.aspx. Last accessed 5th March 2015.

Lenten Candles †The Color and the Significance Essay

Lent candles have their own significance in the observance of Lent. The burning candles stands for the arrival of Christ as the illumination of the world. The shades of the candles can differ. Conventionally, three purple candles and one rose-colored or pink candle are used. The purple indicates that Lent is a period of regret as well as hope. Many churches use blue candles instead of purple ones to highlight the positive hope of the period. A candle is lit on the first Sunday of Lent with an additional one lit on every following Sunday. The blissfully colored pink candle is set aside for the third Sunday of Lent, Gaudete Sunday. Gaudete, which actually refers to â€Å"rejoice† in Latin, is the initial word of the Introit for that Sunday: Several Christians append an exact explanation to the four candles. The first candle, or the Prophet Candle, stands for the optimism and expectation of Christ’s incarnication as forecasted at so many places in the Old Testament. The second candle recalls how Christ was born in modest style, in the trivial village of Bethlehem. Therefore this candle is often referred to as the Bethlehem Candle. The third candle is identified as the Shepherds’ Candle. It brings to mind the joy of the shepherds when they left after having seen the Christ-child in the stable. The fourth candle is the Angels’ Candle. It take us back to the blissful crowd that declared the good news of our Savior’s birth.

Edvard Munch Essays

Edvard Munch Essays Edvard Munch Paper Edvard Munch Paper Edvard Munch is regarded as the pioneer of the Expressionist movement in modern painting. At an early stage Munch was recognised in Germany and central Europe as one of the creators of a new and different movement of art, that helped artists to express their feelings about all the social change that was happening around them. Munch was born in 1863, and before long he had come to know the intensity of emotional pain. His father was a doctor who often bought patients to the Munch home. His mother died when Edvard was five years old, his older sister died of disease at the age of fifteen, and Edvard himself was often ill. One of his youngest sisters was also diagnosed with a mental illness at an early age. With death and illness as a major element in his life, he felt the need to find a way of expressing this. After a year at a Technical school to study engineering, Munch became dedicated to his artwork. He left Technical school and entered a school of design. In 1886 he produced the painting titled The Sick Child, which was inspired by the death of his sister Sophie. Munch produced the image six times in oils and twice in prints, slowly developing the technique that gave the final, intensely textured and dark painting. People objected to the technique Munch used in this painting, complaining that it was crudely painted but to him it opened new paths for myself. It became a breakthrough in my art. Most of my later works owe their existence to this picture. After a one-man exhibition, he managed to gain scholarships, which enabled him to move to France. During his time in Paris he explored a way of painting that focused on the art of symbolism and expressing of the emotions through application of paint and certain techniques that he adopted from the French Impressionists. Munch produced a series of paintings he named The Frieze of Life which he exhibited at a major art show in Berlin in 1892. The paintings caused such sho Edvard Munch Essays Edvard Munch Paper Edvard Munch Paper Edvard Munch was an amazing talented artist. His obsession with death caused most of his pictures to portray an image of death, despair and anxiety. The Norwegian artist struggled with tragdies at a young age. These tragdies plagued Munch throughout his life, causing him to have a nervous break down and problems in relationships. Despite his dark background Edvard Munchs talent and love for the art forced him to become the clearest impressionist. Edvard Munch adopted the view of painting in series. His familiarity with death and despair helped him name the series of Frieze of Life and divide his series into four thematic heads, Loves Awakening, Loves Blossoms and Dies, Fear of Life, and Death. These series are linked in vertical lines and horizontal lines. With in theses four categories there are at least ten paintings. A comparison of one painting from in each series, and an explanation of Edvard Munchs background will explain the tormented soul and innovative work of the impressi onist Edvard Munch. Born December 12 1863, Edvard Munch was the second son to Dr. Christian and Laura Catherine. They had a large family, five children two sons and three daughters. Munch was only a live a short period of time before experiencing tragde. At age five, Edvard Munch loses his mother to the illness, tuberculosis. This left Edvard motherless, but not helpless his mothers sister Karin took over the household. This lost will have an impact on Munchs relationships with women. Following the death of his mother, Edvard sister Sophie dies of tuberculerlosis the illness becomes an obsession of Edvard Munchs. Despite his losses, in 1879 Edvard attends college for engineering. A year later he quits college and decides to paint, which was his passion. He starts attending Oslo Drawing Academy and sells two pictures, one being hisfirst self portrait. In 1883 he is asked to join the Oslo

Designation Report on Central Commerce Collegiate Institute

Designation Report on Central Commerce Collegiate Institute Original and Present Use: So far, the building was initially called a school of business and commerce. At the current moment, Central Commerce Collegiate is a public school situated in Palmerston-Little Italy, Toronto, Ontario. In the course of development, it has transformed into a composite school (Central Commerce Collegiate Institute n. p.).Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Designation Report on Central Commerce Collegiate Institute specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Architectural Quality and Description Exterior: Materials The columns of the Central Commence Collegiate are made of stone blocks and the walls and facades are made up of brown bricks. The windows are framed with white decoration. The doors are decorated with glass lights. Above the doors, there are windows with balcony and windows with four-two lights. The columns are also outfit with widows at the second and third floors. Features: The project is a t hree story construction with masonry walls designed in the neoclassical style. The building is symmetrically balanced; widows and doors are of monumental proportions. All windows have simple molded frames with lintels. This style became quite popular in the end of the 19th century. Front windows are constructed in groups of three with six-over-two wood sashes. The entrant door is decorated with carved stone; it has six-over-six lights and with surmounted molded hood. The wings and the center portion have three quoins that are made of brick. The wings at identical sides of the construction are three bays wide that initially had three double-hung wood windows. In general, the construction has not changed, except for few interior and exterior details. In particular, as it is the example of 19th century architecture, the air conditioning system has been installed recently. Nevertheless, the entire building preserved its original, historic appearance. Interior Materials: The interior cha racteristics of the building are typical for the architectural style – terrazzo made up of concrete floors and ceilings finished with plaster. The interior doors opening are finished with wood doors and glass lights. The inside windows are operable and, therefore, it is quite convenient for teachers to control air temperature and ventilation. The central air-conditioning system is installed in the main corridors of the collegiate. There rooms are finished with acoustic tiles at the ceilings, below the interior doors and upper portions of window frames. Features: A three story building is composed of three floors; the first one contains the lunchroom and classrooms. At the second floor, classrooms, auditoriums with library, offices, and the exhibit space are located. Entrances to the classrooms are situated at the third floor (Central Commerce CI n. p.)Advertising Looking for report on architecture? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The crawl space and partial basement stretches under the historic construction. In the building, there are a lot of unique interior features that had remained in the school after the World War second. In this regard, Central Commerce Collegiate can be considered as valuable historical construction performing the function of local amenity. Description Room functions The classrooms at the first and the second floors are destined for conducting lectures and lessons. The offices at the second floor are occupied by teachers and professors. The library located at the second floor can be used both by instructors and students. This is also the place where students can conduct their researchers and prepare for their examinations. The exhibit space is destined for organizing various presentations and official meeting on special occasions. The classrooms can also be occupied by students and teachers for independent learning and research. Planning The room planning is organ ized in a relevant way, but there are still some lapses in function allocation. In particular, there should be a strict distribution of floor on the studying sections and reading sections. The offices, classrooms, and libraries are located at the same floor is not beneficial for the learning process and it would be more appropriate the divide functional zones more accurately. Architectural Styles Characteristics Exterior and interior design belong to Neoclassical Architecture, which quite reminiscent of Late Baroque architecture. Hence, it primarily highlights planar qualities, but not sculptural volumes. The light and shade effects as well as projections and recessions are flatter; sculptural bas-reliefs are enclosed in tablets, friezes, or panels. As a proof, the elements of building design also have features of the Georgian style and the Federal style architecture. It is worth saying that the architecture project is also a combination of neoclassical elements and Collegiate Gothi c architecture. The Gothic elements are presented in the construction of front columns and stone cladding. Features The architectural project personifies rationalistic orientation in construction. Strict lines, symmetric forms, and classic columns reminding of Roman ancient times are the main features of neoclassicism. All forms and are simple and relief decoration is traditionally focused on the roof edges. Therefore, the building can be considered as a traditional architecture (Hopkins 120). More importantly, Central Commerce Collegiate fits the practical requirements of educational establishment and provides the construction with character that presupposes its utilitarian purpose. One of the practical features of the building is using a three-storey structure that was often used in the Canadian architecture (Carr 80).Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Designation Report on Central Commerce Collegiate Institute specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/pa ge Learn More Site Considerations Contexts and Relationships: The site is located not far from Fred Hamilton Park and Bickford Park. The entire area is surrounded by household and, therefore, the school has a beneficial condition in terms of destination and location. Located between Montrose Avenu and Roxton Road, the construction is located in the residential area. Central Commerce Collegiate Institute is an important example of vernacular architecture. Traditionally, such buildings were constructed along with the development of neighboring sites. Landscaping The site is located on a flat plateau in the central part of Toronto. It maintains its original topography. A large front lawn faces Montrose Ave and it is covered with grass. The building is surrounded by large trees that are located behind the school and it is located not far from housing district. Historical Considerations Background: Since its foundation in 1916, the Central Commerce Collegiate Institute wa s initially constructed as a business school. Therefore, all facilities and building design were initially destined for the learning process. Quality: At the present moment, the construction serves as an educational establishing providing various academic courses and programs. State of the Building Exterior Fabric Condition The exterior fabric conditions of the building are almost perfect. The excellent conditions are predetermined by the building materials used in construction. Specifically, the utilization of brick and stone blocks ensure great durability of the building. However, the problem is that is impossible to assess the quality of brick with regard to its due date. The stone blocks are mostly presented as the building foundations. They also serve as the basic material in constructing the front columns. Interior Fabric Condition Interior fabric conditions were subjected to more serious alterations. Due to the constantly developing informational technologies, the interior sh ould be constructed and equipped in accordance with the existing standards. In this regard, the Institute has a computer class at the second floor that should be better ventilated than others. Structural Stability Due to the fact that the building was constructed in the half of the twentieth century, the structural stability is quite high due to its mass structure. Stone blocks and brick ensure the construction with good structural stability characteristics. Being presented in a traditional style that is far from modern construction the building has good characteristics for over a century.Advertising Looking for report on architecture? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Recommendations Analyzing the data, the report has revealed that the building has a stable structure. The location and landscape are also congruent with the functions affiliated with the construction. In addition, a combination of Neoclassical and Gothic elements perfectly suits the practical utilization of the building and corresponds to the prevailing trend in the Canadian architecture. However, the building should be always monitored and evaluated to ensure that all structural component and durability of materials correspond to the existing standards. Car, Angela. Toronto Architect Burke: Redefining Canadian Architecture. US: McGill-Queen’s Press, 1995. Print. Central Commerce CI. Searching Toronto.com. Web. Central Commerce Collegiate Institute. Toronto District School Board. Web. Hopkins, George D. Creating Your Architectural Style. US: Pelican Publishing, 2009.

A Savings And Credit Cooperative Economics Essay

A Savings And Credit Cooperative Economics Essay The inception of SASRA in October, 2009 made it a requirement for SACCOs in Kenya to acquire licenses in order to be take deposits. Since then, there has been a steady increase in the number of deposit taking SACCOs in Kenya seeking licensing with already licensed and operational SACCOs growing in terms of membership, deposits, total assets, gross turnover, loans granted, and equity (SASRA, 2011, p. 25). A total of 570 SACCOs were registered between 2009 and 2010 increasing total registered and operational deposit taking SACCOs to 3,632. SACCOs are increasingly allowing persons who were not in the original bond to become members. This is to respond to competition and ensure sustainability as the traditional market shrinks. For example rural farmer based SACCOs are rebranding to position themselves as a national SACCOs so as to attract non farmers such as business persons and employed persons (SASRA, 2010). A Savings and Credit Cooperative (SACCO) is one â€Å"that pools savings for its members providing them with credit facilities† (UN-HABITAT, 2010). The general objective of SACCO is to promote the economic interests and general welfare of its members. They are formed based on a common bond which could be economic activity, geographical location or employment. The ICA Statement on the Co-operative Identity defines a cooperative as â€Å"an autonomous association of persons united voluntarily to meet their common economic, social, and cultural needs and aspirations through a jointly owned and democratically controlled enterprise†. Co-operatives are based on the values of self-help, self-responsibility, democracy, equality, equity and solidarity. Co-operative members believe in the ethical values of honesty, openness, social responsibility, and caring for others (Bibby & Shaw, 2005). The 1995 ICA Congress also reformulated seven principles of co-operatives. In summary, they are: Voluntary and open membership Democratic member control Member econom ic participation Autonomy and independence Education, training and information Co-operation among co-operatives Concern for the community Different SACCOs provide a number of products which include but are not limited to credit services, deposit and savings facility, cheque clearing, bankers’ cheques, standing orders, safe custody, and salary advances. History of SACCOs The pioneers of modern cooperation emerged in working- class environments in European Industrial cities of the 19th Century. In the 1840s,the first to industrialize countries (Great Britain and France),pioneers of co-operative invented models of the consumer cooperative and the labor cooperative to defend and promote the interests of working-class families in the face of the social disasters caused by industrial revolution. The second generation of the pioneers of modern cooperation emerged, in certain European rural environments in the late 19th century. In the 1860s, these pioneers created the models of agri cultural cooperatives and savings and credit cooperatives inspired by the success of the consumer cooperatives formula in Great Britain and based on old traditions of rural solidarity aimed to meet the primary economic needs, which went unsatisfied. Agricultural cooperatives then enabled families of farmers and livestock raisers to organize their own supply systems of agricultural inputs and market their products and no longer depended on merchants and businessmen in the cities. The SACCO helped them to stop depending on moneylenders and to find the credit necessary to modernize their agricultural cooperatives (Mwakajumilo, 2011) .

Mayfly by Kevin Canty Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Mayfly by Kevin Canty - Essay Example James’ character appears to be a hard driven man in his mid thirties who is not quite sure about the direction which his life is taking and seems to be unsure whether he is satisfied or not. Molly is James’ girlfriend and takes the role of a delicate soul with a penchant for al things living seen by the way she is affected by the butterflies on the highway (Canty). She is a writer who is enthusiastic about taking care of herself seen by her sobriety and vegan diet but she also loves to express herself seen by the type of work that she does (writing) as well as her liking of tattoos. Sam is James’ old friend from college and comes out as a semi-irresponsible father and husband who nonetheless, appears to be doing fine financialy depicted by the description of his house and lifestyle (Canty). He also comes off as having an adulterous aspect about him although this is not confirmed and is taken from a number of clues that come out in the story. Jenny is a mother of three and Sam’s wife. She comes out as a tired figure in need of support from her husband that does not appear to be forthcoming. There is a sense of resentment around her in terms of her marriage to Sam, and it seems that she has resigned herself to the hand that fate has dealt her though she is not pleased with it. The story is told from James’ point of view, and this has an influence on the shaping of the story’s focus. By seeing things from James’ point of view, the reader is able to experience the various moods and emotions that he goes through via the thoughts that run through his head and this help’s focus the view of the rest of the group from an external perspective. The doubts that James has over his relationship with Molly and the activities between his girlfriend and Sam when they go on their trip is derived from the perspective that James has on the status of his relationship. The appearance of Jenny is told from James’ eyes as well including the experiences she has been through. This helps the story to focus on the main character who is James even when the topic is about somebody else. Reading the story from James’ point of view also allows the reader to get inside the main character’s head and depicts the way he thinks and looks at issues from his objective. For example, James lack of guilt after his midnight rendezvous with Jenny may not have been depicted had the story been told from another perspective. (Canty) The significance of the Monarchs in the opening scenes can be said to be used in the provision of the setting for the reader, a means with which to describe the scene as it were. The sheer number of insects and their death on the windscreen of James car provides a somewhat gloomy setting which can also be said to have been used to project the mood of the two characters (James and Molly) in the opening scenes (Canty). The butterflies can also be said to have been used to demonstrat e Molly’s care for living creatures as she insists on stopping when she realizes what is happening to them. The fact that she cares about something as small as a butterfly that she could be moved to tears goes a long way in portraying her character (Canty). The monarchs and butterflies in their travels towards the north can also be used to depict both James (the monarch) and Molly (the butterfly) in their journey together in life with the car’s windshield portraying the potential hazards they might come across while trying to keep their relationship alive. The mayflies can be seen to represent the cycle of life and the inevitable eventuality of our actions that are bound to be repeated when one is placed

Consumer behaviour Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Consumer behaviour - Essay Example The recent and contemporary marketing concept brings into limelight the piece of information that with the fulfillment of the needs and wants of the target market or the customers, the organization is more likely to accomplish and achieve their goals and objectives. Furthermore, with the contentment of the customers in a more effective and persuasive manner than that of the competitors, the enterprise would get an edge over their competitors (Hoyer & Macinnis, pp. 16-20, 2009). One of the important elements of marketing that facilitates the organization in acquainting and understanding the buying patterns of the products and services of the customers. Many of the important questions that includes when, why, how and where people have a tendency to buy a particular product or service come under the analysis and examination in consumer behavior. Furthermore, the study of consumer behavior will assist the businesses and organizations not only to attract new customers, but will also support in retaining the old and current customers that will eventually lead the organization to survive and sustain in the distant future. (Silk &  Harvard Business School, pp. 47-53, 2006). In addition, the study of consumer behavior also helps and endeavors to comprehend and identify the factors on which the decisions of the customers depend and rely on made either on individual basis or in groups. Therefore, it is considerably an imperative and vital feature of marketing manage ment segment. According to the definition, consumer behavior is â€Å"The totality of consumers’ decision with respect to the acquisition, consumption, and disposition of goods, services, activities, experiences, people, and ideas by (human)decision-making units (over time)† (Hoyer &  Macinnis, pp.3, 2009) Data resulting from the demography such as age, gender, income, education, behavioral temperament are they key distinctive and distinguishing characteristics used in the research of consumer behavior. Moreover, how the families, friends, reference groups, culture, and community play a dominant and persuasive role are also the principal and prime attributes in the studies and evaluations of consumer behavior. As the study of the buying pattern of the customers is a multifaceted and complex process where numerous aspects influence and affects the pattern, therefore, huge amount of money and a lot of time comes under spending and consumption by the enterprises and the ir marketing departments (East &  Wright & Vanhuele, pp. 3-10, 2008). Thus, this practice comes under performance in order to identify and distinguish the causes of the decisions on which the consumers make their purchasing of a particular product or service. Interests, actions and behaviors, like and dislikes, perceptions, beliefs, and communication and dealing with